Ophthalmology is a medical field that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to the eye and the visual system. The eye, its surrounding structures, and the visual system can be affected by a variety of clinical conditions. Ophthalmology includes the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions, often involving microsurgery.

The visual pathways begin from the eyeball and progress through the optic nerve, which is called the visual nerve, towards the brain tissue. Visual pathways from both eyes converge in a brain region called the occipital cortex (visual cortex). Issues in these pathways can affect visual function or eye movements. Diseases involving the eye globe, its appendages, the visual pathways, and various brain-brainstem centers, including the eye movement centers, constitute the main subjects of neuro-ophthalmology. Both ophthalmologists and neurologists can make diagnoses and treatment plans for neuro-ophthalmic diseases.

Some Ophthalmology Diseases include:

• Optic Neuritis (Inflammation of the Optic Nerve)
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
• Pituitary Tumors Compressing the Optic Nerve
• Increased Intracranial Pressure Syndrome
• Paralyses and Paralytic Strabismus of the Eye Muscles
• Diplopia (Double Vision)
• Hereditary Optic Neuropathies
• Cerebrovascular Events
• Blepharospasm (Eyelid Spasm)
• Thyroid Orbitopathy (Eye Disease Associated with Thyroid Disorders)
• Pupillary Anomalies (Abnormalities in the Shape/Function of the Eye's Pupil)